Translate a Confusing Rulebook Section Into Plain English

Board game rulebooks are written by people who already know the game. You do not. You are three paragraphs in and still not sure when your turn ends. Paste the confusing bit and get it back in the language it should have been written in from the start.

I am trying to learn a board game and there is a section of the rules I cannot follow. Translate it into plain English for me.

For each confusing rule, tell me: what the rule is actually saying in one or two plain sentences, when it applies (the exact conditions), what I should do when it applies, and whether there is a common misconception about this rule that new players often get wrong.

The rules section I am struggling with:

[paste the confusing rulebook text here]