Explain What a Password Validation Regex Is Actually Checking For

Someone handed you a regex for password rules and expects you to know instantly whether 'Tea1234' passes. This breaks the pattern into plain rules, one line each, then shows you a password that passes and one that fails, so you can check it against a real example instead of squinting at symbols.

Explain what this regular expression is checking for in plain English, one rule per line: {REGEX_PATTERN}. Say what a password would need to contain to pass, and give one example password that passes and one that fails. Keep the whole answer under 120 words and avoid regex jargon like "lookahead" unless you also explain it in a phrase.